The Role Of Gender As A Symbol Of Femininity - 1240 Words

The role of gender was evidently defined before the twentieth century. However, the twentieth century brought a lot of changes to women and their condition, inside and outside the house. Women started getting appreciated in the previously male dominating society. However, this didn’t last for long and by the mid-century men continued their dominating role back in the society. Tennessee Williams wrote this play in the fifties when this change was happening in society. In this play, male dominance is clear. Women were confined to the household and away from the outside world. By analyzing the character of Stanley; a masculine and Stella; a symbol of femininity; and other characters of this play, readers can clearly see how male-dominated world it was. The play portrays Stanley’s masculine character in the very beginning. Williams writes, â€Å"Stanley carries his bowling jacket and a red-stained package from a butcher’s† (Williams 13). He tries to show his dominance by showing his bowling jacket and blood-stained meat packet he was carrying. When Stanley was asking Blanche about Belle Reve, he portrays another example of his dominance, â€Å"You see, under the Napoleonic code – a man has to take an interest in his wife’s affairs – especially now that she’s going to have a baby† (Williams 43). Williams gives another example of male dominance in these quotes when he describes the colors they are wearing, â€Å"Stanley, Steve, Mitch, and Pablo wear colored shirts, solid blues, a purple, aShow MoreRelatedShifting Away From A Traditional Feminine Image Essay927 Words   |  4 Pagesitself, â€Å"I’ve caught him several times looking at the paper!† (35) conveying th at as the narrator becomes more involved with the paper she is regaining her power over the household. Gilman may also be suggesting that this break away from performing roles can manifest shame or uneasiness, Jennie after being caught staring, reacts â€Å"as if she had been caught stealing† (35). She is described as looking â€Å"angry† (35) at the prospect of being caught observing the object of the ‘mad woman’ of the house’s obsessionRead MoreThe Influence Of Gender Identity On Graphic Design1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe influence of gender identity on graphic design The perception of gender and its role of establishing personal identities have dramatically changed in recent years. If design is to continue to play a dynamic and constructive role in society, it stands to reason that it has to reflect these changes to be more fluid and nuanced in its interpretation of gender and how design understands gender. The link between design and gender identity is profound because they are essentially bound to cultureRead More images of gender in the media Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages Finding a simple or concrete definition of gender maybe near impossible. Gender roles are what men and woman learn and internalize as the way they are supposed to act. These roles are commonly thought of as natural rather than a construction of culture. Gender is thought to flow from sex, rather then being a matter of what the culture does with sex. This theory is widely and exhaustively debated, according to Wood â€Å"Sex is based on biology; Gender is socially and psychologically constructed† (WoodRead MoreImages of Gender in the Media1258 Words   |  6 PagesFinding a simple or concrete definition of gender maybe near impossible. Gender roles are what men and woman learn and internalize as the way they are supposed to act. These roles are commonly thought of as natural rather than a construction of culture. Gender is thought to flow from sex, rather then being a matter of what the culture does with sex. This theory is widely and exhaustively debated, according to Wood Sex is based on biology; Gender is socially and psychologically constructed (WoodRead MoreUnderstanding Gender Identity and Sexuality1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthe terms â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex† are often used interchangeably, the two words have significantly different definitions. One could argue that sex refers to biological essentialism and the idea that we are who we are because of our genetic material. On the other hand, gender is associated with the social constructionist theory, which argues that the way we are is dependent on our race, class, and sexuality. Because each person is different in their race, class, and sexuality, their gender becomes sociallyRead MoreMaximo Badaro s One Of The Guys : Military Women, Paradoxical Individuality, And The Transformations Essay1509 Words   |   7 Pagesarticle’s main focus is on the how the addition of female soldiers has redefined what it means to be a soldier and how this has changed the military as an institution. He also analyzes the agency available to women in the military and the role their femininity plays in their lives as soldiers. Badarà ³ studied both male and female soldiers of varying ranks in the Argentine Army, most of whom were cadets or young officers at the Colegio Militar de la Nacià ³n (CMN), the only officer academy of the ArgentineRead MoreGender Roles Of The House807 Words   |  4 PagesThe house has at times been a symbol of women’s roles, between 1944 and 1982 the relationship women had with the house changed. This relationship change is indicative to the changing times and the role women played in the house, in the family, and in society. The influences that I believe initiated these changes fall into three themes: 1. The marriage relationship and outside paid work, 2. Educat ion and its impact on femininity, and 3. Technology and its impact on domesticity. The three themes addressRead MoreSummary Of Homosexuality In Kushners Angels In America729 Words   |  3 PagesFemininity is something that can often be overlooked by the authors of any literary piece. During the time of â€Å"Angels in America†, Homosexuality was not something that was as widely noticed, or even respected, during the 1990s, in which the play was written. The play, taking place in Manhattan, New York, being a fairly loud city, homosexuality would generally be something that is not widely accepted. Kushner represented the ups and downs of homosexuality and a character with aids, becoming realisticRead MoreVisual images Reinforce Traditional Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes948 Words   |  4 Pagesreinforce traditional gender and sexuality stereotypes through the manifestation of the masculine and feminine miens. An examination of print media advertisements highlights the soci al and cultural ideologies associated with traditional gender roles that are expected and imposed on by society. â€Å"Advertisements are deeply woven into the fabric of Western Culture, drawing on and reinforcing commonly held perceptions and beliefs† of gender and sexuality stereotypes. They have a strong role in shaping societyRead MoreGender, Social, Spiritual, And Physical Transformation Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesdramatically. Most of these anchorites’ gender was not recorded, showing the inapplicability of gender. According to theorist Judith Butler, â€Å"†¦gender can be regarded as a private and public behavioural performance.† Butler also recognizes that gender is a performance of â€Å"acts, gestures, and desire [which] produce the effect of a internal core or substance†¦ that saddest, but never reveal, the organizing principle of identity as a cause.† Due to a shift in gender roles, gender characteristics were abandoned

Stem Cell Research Summary Article - 1058 Words

Stem Cell Research Summary Article By Lizika Marrà ©e-Mills What are stem cells? Stem cells are identical cells that can characterize into specialized cell types. Most stem cells come from two main sources; embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. 1. TwoTypesofStemCells a. Embryonic stem cells i. These are pluripotent cells. This means their main function is to make any other cell in the body. These cells are made from ones found in early human embryos, which are called blastocysts. ii. Embryonic stem cells are used to study how blastocysts grow in adults and how they affect other cells. iii. Embryonic cells start as a mass of cells and then grow and develop. This, in humans and other mammals is the start of an embryo that later forms the†¦show more content†¦This can help us get a better understanding of how the human body works and how to better diagnose conditions. b. Stem cells can also be used for drug discovery which can help to identify drugs which can be used for particular diseases. Scientists can grow tissue from stem cells and then to search for new drugs. This can improve drug function or alter diseases and how these drugs might affect different organs. c. Stem cells can be used for cell replacement. Again more scientists are exploring how stem cells generate tissue that when transplanted will take the place of tissue damaged by diseases and other things. One example of this type of transplantation is macular degeneration, which is now being tested in clinical trials. d. Stem cells can self repair. Scientists are research ways to stimulate the self repair of stem cells. This can make the stem cells duplicate and generate to heal damaged tissue or to prevent further damage. 4. ProcessInvolvedinStemCellResearch The process of stem cell transplantation is a long and hard one. The process of transplantation is a newly discovered one that involves bone marrow and and chemotherapy to â€Å"condition† human body and replace the damaged stem cells. The first part of the transplant process is called conditioning. In this process the patient starts to receive chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to damage and/or destroy the bad bone marrow in the sick person. Once the stem cells are embedded into the patient the stem cellShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Theories Of Ethical Subjectivism, Utilitarianism, And Deontological Ethics1006 Words   |  5 Pagesexplain the ethical theories of ethical subjectivism, utilitarianism, and Deontological ethics. Secondly, I will summarize the main points of my article and then act in response using the three ethical theories previously listed. I will also explain which ethical theory best represents the article. Then, I will provide reasoning as to why stem-cell research is important; and lastly, I will offer two open-ended questions. Defined Ethical Theories All the ethical theories are going to be defined usingRead MoreThe Impact Of 3d Printing On An Ethical Point Of View1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe advancements of 3D printing technology within society is advancing at such a speed The research within this assignment will focus on the conflict surrounding 3D printing (bioprinting) artificial organs with stem cells based on an ethical point of view. Throughout numerous articles, two key conflicts are expressed towards the public. The first conflict consists of the question of which stem cells will be used to create the organs. The second conflict elaborates on the possibility of creating organsRead MoreThe Growth Of The Tissue723 Words   |  3 PagesArticle # 1: Barzegari, Abolfazl and Amir Ata Saei. Tissue Engineering in Microgravity Bioreactors. BioImpacts 2.1 (2012): 23-32. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 24 October 2014. Article Summary: The growth of the tissue can be accomplished more efficiently in microgravity. This article discussed the methods that dependent completely on microgravity. Along with that these methods also explains the various cell types such as stem cells. The ensuing builds can be utilized for poisonRead MoreUnifferentiated Cells915 Words   |  4 Pagesreprogrammed cells with acquired pluripotency†, published in 2014 and now retracted, Haruko Obokata et al. described a new methodology for the conversion of somatic cells into pluripotent cells, without genetic manipulation or DNA transfer. Somatic cells were subjected to sublethal stimuli and, therefore, named â€Å"stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency† (STAP). The research consisted in introducing mouse somatic cells into a very acidic solution (low pH) or subjecting the external cell membranesRead MoreHuman Neural Stem Cell Tropism857 Words   |  4 PagesARTICLE TITLE: Human Neural Stem Cell Tropism to Metastatic Breast Cancer ESSAY TITLE: The Investigation of a therapeutic implication on metastatic breast cancer with a specialized human neural stem cell that is programed to secrete carboxylesterase combined with activated form of an ionotecan by targeting a specific tumor site and major cytokine involved in mediating susceptibility of neural stem cells to breast cancer cells. SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY: Metastatic Breast Cancer is characterized as aRead MoreIs the Use of Transgeneric Organisms Essential to the Advancement of Therapeutic Medicine?1315 Words   |  6 Pagesthat have been successfully grown with human cells and transplanted into human patients. The demand that the human population has on donor organs far exceeds the number of organs available for transplant. Genetic modification is the solution to this problem, in that, the advances being made in therapeutic medicine will save millions of lives in the future. Now that it is possible to alter the genes of an organism and to grow organs out of human cells, one can make an organism resistant or even immuneRead MoreCan Stem Cells Be Used For Cure Parkinson s Disease? Essay3847 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction: Investigative Question: Can stem cells be used to cure a neurological disease, namely; Parkinson’s Disease? The aim of this research is to determine if stem cells can be used to cure Parkinson’s disease. I too aim to determine if such may be achieved by using stem cells that are obtained in an ethically unchallenging manner, such as by using induced pluripotent stem cells, which are created from one’s own skin, to cure the disease. I chose to conduct research into this topic as currently thereRead MoreCure For HIV1156 Words   |  5 Pagesawaited battle due to the virus lying dormant in T cells for years. Although scientists have found a protein called CD32a that lives on the surface of T cells. Due to this discovery, scientists can now use this protein to help distinguish the cells infected with HIV. This is beneficial because even though there are antiretroviral drugs that can prevent cells that are actively duplicating viral DNA from replicating, they do not attack the dormant T cells. In the past, a shock and kill therapy methodRead MoreA Comparison Of Dna Methylation Between Infants Delivered Vaginally And By Caesarian Section1714 Words   |  7 Pagesinfants delivered vaginally and by caesarian section 1 Introduction This paper, written for the course ‘Molecular microbiology and epigenetics’ is a summary of two existing articles: ‘Epigenetic modulation at birth - altered DNA-methylation in white blood cells after Caesarean section’ (Schlinzing et al., 2009) and ‘Caesarean delivery and hematopoietic stem cells epigenetics in the newborn infant: implications for future health?’ (Almgren et al., 2014). The objective is to review some possible implicationsRead MoreThe Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body886 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning Dolly, the sheep in 1996 was a momentous moment in scientific history. Scientists removed the nucleus from one of Dolly s skin cells and engineered an egg to be insert with then nucleus. This egg could have fertilized in a mothers uterus. Following this discovery, mice, pigs and cattle have been cloned based on the same concept. In 2012, a group of scientists took cloning a step further and cloned human embryos. With great certainty, human cloning will be banned by the government due

Tennessee William’s Play a Street Car Named Desire Free Essays

Tennessee William’s play, A Street Car Named Desire, creates conflict and tension between characters using several dramatic devices. It also makes clear use of the sound effects and music used during the production, the appearance of the characters as well as the language used. Blanche DuBois, the centralized character in the play is a woman in her early thirties, although she would have you believe otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on Tennessee William’s Play a Street Car Named Desire or any similar topic only for you Order Now William’s from the very start creates a veneer of Blanch and slowly throughout the story lets us know what is behind this attractive pretence.Blanch is first presented to the audience as a woman belonging to another class, superior to all her surroundings even such of her sister, Stella. â€Å"Explain to me this place. What are you doing in a place like this? † When Blanche is first introduced to Stella’s husband, Stanley Kowalski, she is quite attracted to him, she even flirts with this â€Å"common† man. Animalistic and exhibitionistic, Stanley removes his hot, sweat-soaked, smelly and sticky T-shirt in front of her, and changes into a clean one to â€Å"make myself comfortable. He offers Blanche a drink but she declines stating that â€Å"ones my limit† and that she rarely touches it. This being blatant lies, Stanley quite rightly remarks â€Å"Well, there are some people that rarely touch it, but it touches them often. † Laying her cards on the table, Blanche later admits to Stanley that she only tells the truth when necessary, after all she wouldn’t want it affecting her playing her role. â€Å"I know I fib a good deal. After all, a woman’s charm is fifty percent illusion, but when a thing is important I tell the truth†¦ †As the play progresses we find Blanch desperately trying to cling to everyone whilst maintaining her old ‘southern belle’, aristocratic, gracious and desirable frontier, not letting on that she is in fact penniless. â€Å"I’m not going to put up in a hotel. I’ve got to be near you Stella. I’ve got to be with people. I can’t be alone†¦ † She plays this ‘role’ most likely only to keep up her self-esteem. Blanch is very self conscious pf her appearance, always wanting someone to reassure her with a compliment. Blanche: Would you think it possible that I was once considered attractive? Stanley: Your looks are ok.Blanche: I was fishing for a compliment, Stanley. The very language that she uses is over elaborate and self conscious, with such exaggerated formality. Such carefully structured language perhaps signifies her desire to remain in control. It more likely is used to cover up her anxiety, unease, even extreme agitation at time boarding hysteria. She is constantly washing herself and bathing, hydrotherapy she calls it, purifying and cleansing her. Blanches relationship with Mitch is untruthful from the beginning, with nothing but a paper lantern disguising the illusion from reality.She is trying to hold onto what she has already lost; Belle Reve (Beautiful dream), her husband, her youth. The encounter with the boy collecting for the Evening Star newspaper amplifies the point of her longing to be young once again. Blanche even falls into the trap of playing the role of fantasies which she even ridicules. â€Å"I attempt to instil a bunch of bobby-soxers and drug store Romeos with reverence for Hawthorne and Whitman and Poe! † This perhaps has some link with Aunt Pennyman from Washington Square, meeting up with strangers in foreign places.Blanche has always said how she relies on the kindness of strangers. Although Tennessee Williams being a socially conscious playwright he still involved such themes that would challenge production code sensors of films at the time. The audiences of the time would have considered the play to be controversial to say the least, involving immoral and decadent acts, with it’s bold adult drama including rape, insanity, domestic violence, homosexuality and sexual obsession. Williams was noted for bringing to his audiences a slice of his own life and the feel of southern culture. How to cite Tennessee William’s Play a Street Car Named Desire, Papers

Valuation of Capitalised Research and Development

Question: Discuss about the Valuation of Capitalised Research and Development. Answer: Introduction: The government sectors and entities comprising of both profit and non-profit sectors prepare their general purpose financial reports that are as per the Australian Accounting standards which are further in accordance with Corporation Act 2001 (Presentation of Financial Statements, 2015). The AASB 10 stipulates the standards for Consolidated Financial Statements. The standard presents the guidelines and principle, which are to be followed for preparation and presentation of consolidated financial statements and reports of entities that are controlling one or more subsidiaries (Hodgson and Russell, 2014). The standard presents and establishes the principle of control, which forms the basis of consolidation. As per the Walker (2008), an entity is subject to IFRS 10 application if they are profit oriented and applies this standard. It is also applicable to industries that fall under the category of Tier 1 and Tier 2. The key aim of establishing such standard is for setting up rules for entities along with its subsidiaries for preparation and presentation of consolidated financial statements. The eligibility for application of this standard is that the entity is required to have total control over its subsidiary. Calculation of Goodwill/ Capital Reserve in consolidation process Net fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities = ($158800) (equity) +$6400* (1-.30) (inventory) + 2000* (1-.30) (patent) + 20000* (1-.30) (plant) = $178680 Consideration transferred = $220800 Goodwill = $42120 Consolidated worksheet entries at 1 July 2016 Table 1: Statement showing consolidated worksheet entries at 1 July 2016 Sr. No. Particular Dr. Amount Cr. Amount Journal Entries in the books of Merelyn Ltd at the acquisition date 1 Inventory A/c Dr $6400 To Deferred Tax liability A/c $1920 To Business combination valuation reserve A/c $4480 2 Patent A/c Dr $2000 To Deferred Tax liability A/c $600 To Business combination valuation reserve A/c $1400 3 Accumulated Depreciation A/c $40000 To Plant A/c To Deferred tax liability A/C To Business combination valuation reserve $20000 $6000 $14000 4 Goodwill A/C Dr. $42120 To Business combination valuation reserve A/c $42120 Pre-acquisition Entries at the end of year 1 Share Capital A/c Dr $100000 Retain Earnings A/c Dr $58800 Business combination valuation reserve A/c Dr $62000 To Shares in Cathey A/c Ltd $220800 Worksheet entries at 30 June 2017 The entries that are affected Sales of inventory Depreciation of plant Impairment of goodwill Table 2: Statement showing consolidated valuation entries at 30 June 2017 Sr. No. Particular Dr. Amount Cr. Amount 1 Cost of sales A/c Dr $6400 To Income tax expenses A/c $1920 To business combination valuation reserve A/c $4480 2 Patent A/c Dr $20000 To Deferred Tax liability A/c $6000 To Business combination valuation reserve A/c $14000 3 Accumulated Depreciation A/c Dr $40000 To Plant A/c $40000 4 Plant A/c Dr $20000 To Deferred Tax liability A/c $6000 To Business combination valuation reserve A/c $14000 5 Depreciation expenses A/c Dr $2000 To Accumulated Depreciation A/c ($20000*10%) $2000 6 Deferred tax liability A/c Dr. To Income Tax Expense A/c ($2000*30%) $600 $600 7 Goodwill A/c Dr To Business combination valuation reserve A/c Dr $42120 $42120 8 Impairment loss goodwill Dr $1300 To Acc. Impairment loss- goodwill A/c $1300 Pre-acquisition Entries The pre-acquisition entries are affected by: -transfer from business combination valuation reserve Journal Entry 1 Share Capital A/c Dr $100000 Retain Earnings A/c Dr $58800 Business combination valuation reserve A/c Dr $62000 To Shares in Cathey A/c Ltd $220800 2 General Reserve A/c Dr $30000 Transfer to general reserve $30000 3 Trf. from business comb. valuation reserve A/c Dr $19600 Buisness combination valuation reserve A/c $19600 The aim of financial statement is to serve information regarding this financial positioning, performance and cash flow of entities that are useful for a wide spectrum of users in undertaking economic decisions. To accomplish this aim, financial statements serve information of entities like assets, liabilities, income and expenses, equity and cash flows (Carson and et.al., 2011). The information served along with the notes is assistive and helps in predicting the future cash flows of entities, which helps in finding out the timing and certainty. The standard directs on making the statement of financial position as the commencement of early comparative period where an entity retrospectively applies the accounting policy or makes ares tatement of items retrospectively in its financial reports or reclassifies the items stated in its financial statements (Ke, Pham and Fargher, 2004). All terms that are stated in AASB 101 standards is adequate for entities which strive for profit both in p rivate and public. An entity may make own use of titles other than those that are specified in this standard. Statement of financial position Table 3: Balance Sheet of Heaven Ltd as at 30 June 2016 Notes Amount $ ASSETS Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents 1 2,98,080 Accounts receivables 6,41,020 Inventory 2 9,70,000 Prepayments 3,400 Calls in arrears (2500 shares at 20c) 500 Total current assets 19,13,000 Non-Current Assets Land Building 17,50,000 Patent 1,00,000 Plant and equipment 17,16,000 Long Term Investments 3 13,00,000 Total non-financial assets 48,66,000 Total Assets 67,79,000 LIABILITIES Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 7,90,000 Accrued Expenses 8,520 Provisions 4 4,79,000 Dividend 2,00,000 Total Current Liabilities 14,77,520 Non-Current Liabilities Employee Benefit 4,00,000 Mortgage Loans 2,40,000 Total Non-Current Liabilities 6,40,000 Total Liabilities 21,17,520 Equity Paid-up Capital 4086000 Retained Profit 5 5,75,480 Total Equity 46,61,480 Total Equity Liabilities 67,79,000 Notes to Accounts Note1: Cash Cash Equivalents Cash at Bank $298080 Total $298080 Note 2: Long-Term Investment 10% Telstra Bonds $1300000 Balance c/d $1300000 Note 3: Accounts Receivable Balance b/d $651020 Less: Impairment of accounts receivable $10000 Balance c/d $641020 Note 4: Provisions Current Tax Liability $160000 Accumulated Depreciation - Plant Equipment $72000 Accumulated Depreciation - Building $207000 Accumulated Depreciation - Patent $40000 Total $479000 Note 5: Retained Earnings Opening Balance $275000 Profit for the period $500480 Dividend Payable -$200000 Balance c/d $575480 Statement of changes in equity Table 4: Statement of changes in equity of Heaven Ltd. Share capital Retained earnings Total equity Balance at 1 July 2015 $4086000 $275000 $4361000 Changes in accounting policy 0 0 0 Restated balance $4086000 $275000 $4361000 Changes in equity for the year 2016 Issue of share capital 0 0 Profit for the period 0 $500480 $500480 Dividend Paid 0 -$200000 -$200000 Balance at 30th June 2016 $4086000 $575480 $4661480 References Carson, E.andet.al., 2011. Audit reports in Australia during the global financial crisis.Australian Accounting Review.21(1).pp.22-31. Hodgson, A. and Russell, M., 2014. Comprehending comprehensive income.Australian Accounting Review.24(2). pp.100-110. Ke, F.Y., Pham, T. and Fargher, N., 2004. The relevance to firm valuation of capitalised research and development expenditures.Australian Accounting Review.14(34).pp.72-76. Walker, R.G., 2008. Disclosure of Financial Commitments.Australian Accounting Review.18(2).pp.161-172. Online Presentation of Financial Statements, 2015. [PDF]. Available from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB101_07-15.pdf. [Accessed on 7th

King Lear Essays (2850 words) - King Lear, British Films, Films

King Lear Question #3: Consider the wisdom of King Lears fool. Look closely at the interplay between Lear and his fool and at the speeches of the fool, which offer instruction to the king. Look for connection the play makes between Lears fool and the other fools in the play Cordelia, Kent, and Poor Tom. King Lears fool is undoubtedly one of the wisest characters in the play. He is not only able to accurately analyze a situation which many other characters are blind to, but he is also able to foreshadow the actions of many characters and many other incidents to come. The main instruction the fool gives to the king is to beware of doing things that are unnatural, such as giving his inheritance, (splitting his kingdom among his daughters) to his daughters before he his dead. By doing this unnaturally, Lear must face many adverse consequences, such as losing his identity, self-worth, and respect from his daughters. Many connections between the fool and Cordelia, Kent and Poor Tom are evident, mainly because they all remain true to the King throughout the entire play. Also, all four of them are not rewarded for their loyalty in the beginning and Cordelia and Kent are both banished from the kingdom by Lear. These four are the true selfless characters in the play, all a source virtue that the other characters lack. 1. Mark it, nuncle: Have more than thou showest, Speak less than thou knowest, Lend less than thou owest, Ride more than thou goest, Learn more than thou trowest, Set less than thou throwest, Leave thy drink and thy whore, And keep in-a-door, And thou shalt have no more Than two tens to a score. (I, IV, 115.) -One significant irony in the play is the wisdom the Fool has. This advice the Fool is giving to Lear carries a great weight in foreshadowing mistakes, and solutions for them that Lear will make. -The Fools constant advice to Lear goes unheeded by Lear, but ironically is the best advice for him to take. -The main message the Fool is trying to tell Lear is be careful what you give in accordance to what you have. -More clearly, the Fool is warning Lear that giving up his Kingdom (a necessity for Lear) before his time was unwise. 2. Then tis like the breath of an unfeed lawyer; you gave me nothing fort. Can you make no use of nothing, nuncle? (I, IV, 127.) -The Fools question to Lear Can you make no use of nothing is not really a question concerning what Lear has given the Fool, but a direct question of Lears life. He had given away all he had to his daughters, which meant he literally had nothing. What the fool meant is that having nothing, he (Lear) cannot expect to make anything of it. -The Fool is pointing out to Lear the obvious foolishness in giving away all he had to his two undeserving daughters. -Ironically, Lear truly is the fool in this story, and even more ironically the Fool is one of the wisest characters. 3. That lord that counseled thee To give away thy land, Come place him here by me; Do thou for him stand. The sweet and bitter fool Will presently appear: The one in motley here, The other found out there. (I, IV, 138.) -The Fool is showing the error in Lears way. He hinting that whoever put such a stupid idea in Lears head should be punished according to Lears future suffering. -Also, it is possible the Fool suspects that whoever counseled Lear to make the decision to split up his kingdom among his daughters was in fact an adversary (possibly Oswald) of either Goneril or Regan, and would now be here, in lifes favor, while Lear would be found out there, outside of lifes favor, more specifically in the rain. 4. All the other titles thou has given away; that thou wast born with. (I, IV, 147.) -The Fool is sarcastically speaking his feelings on the foolishness of Lear giving away his inheritance and power too soon. -He is also stating that Lear is no longer the same person he used to be because he has lost his kingship, which was innately given to him. -Lears mistakes leave him in a sort of identity crisis, because all that he used to be related to was taken away when he

ESL Conversation Lesson Plan on Creating a New Society

ESL Conversation Lesson Plan on Creating a New Society This classic conversation lesson plan is based on the idea of creating a new society. Students must decide which laws will be followed and how many freedoms will be allowed. This lesson works well for ESL students of most levels (except beginners) because the subject brings out many strong opinions. Aim: Building conversation skills, expressing opinionsActivity: Group activity deciding on the laws for a new societyLevel: ​Pre-intermediate to advanced Lesson Plan Outline Help activate vocabulary by asking students which laws they admire most and least in their own country - and why.Divide students into groups of 4 to 6. Try to include as many different personalities as possible in each group (to provide for more stimulating discussion!).Explain the following situation to the class: A large area of your country has been set aside by the current government for the development of a new nation. This area will include an invited international community of 20,000 men and women. Imagine that your group has to decide the laws of this new country.Distribute the worksheet and ask students to discuss the questions.Answer the worksheet as a class - ask the opinions of each group and leave ample time for discussion of differing opinions.As a follow-up activity, the class could discuss which laws and customs they would like to change in their own country. Scenario and Accompanying Questions Populate Ideal Land A large area of your country has been set aside by the current government for the development of a new nation. This area will include an invited international community of 20,000 men and women. Imagine that your group has to decide the laws of this new country. Questions to Ask Which political system will the country have?What will the official language(s) be?Will there be censorship?What industries will your country try to develop?Will citizens be allowed to carry a gun?Will there be the death penalty?Will there be a state religion?What kind of immigration policy will there be?What will the educational system be like? Will there be compulsory education to a certain age?Who will be allowed to marry?

Explain the key differences between intended and emergent approaches Essay

Explain the key differences between intended and emergent approaches to developing strategy. Why might one be preferred to the other by strategic managers - Essay Example Factors that might convince an organization to adopt the emergent approach include a need to change according to the changing environment and context, advancement of technology paving way for new channels of communication and operation, unexpected and abrupt increase or drop in the value of currency, and stakeholder influence. Factors that might influence the emergent approach and optimize an organization’s tendency to stick to the intended approach include the commitment to the original vision and mission of the organization, and the constraints of resources. A very good example of emergent approach is provided by Mark Zuckerberg, the Harvard University student and the founder of Facebook. Zuckerberg’s intended approach in 2003 after being dumped by his girlfriend was to create the website â€Å"FaceMash† as a platform where the beauty of young women would be voted on. The website first evolved into Thefacebook online social network meant exclusively for the Harvard students. But the surprising and growing popularity of the website caused Zuckerberg to morph it into Facebook open to everybody in the world. â€Å"Ironically, Facebook’s emphasis on connecting with existing and new friends is about as different as it could be from Zuckerberg’s original mean-spirited concept† (Ketchen and Short, 2013). It can be stated without doubt that the emergent and realized strategies used by Zuckerberg proved much nobler for him compared to the intended strategy with which he had originally started his entrepreneursh ip. A good example of intended approach to developing strategy is the intended strategy of General Electric (GE) in the later half of the 20th century, in the form of a direction from Jack Welch, the then CEO of the company, that all units of business were supposed to be number one or number two in their market or industry; or had a good

Nursing Leadership Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Leadership - Case Study Example a result of the general assumption that nursing probably has the least status in healthcare something that has been a cause for bad treatment of nurses by other employees who look down upon them (Manojlovich, 2007). On a more important note, if their leader does not exude confidence and some control over her environment, the nurses under her similarly end up lacking in confidence. Manojlovich advances that nurses can find power in three ways. Control over content of nursing practice where they establish their area of expertise and act as they know. It implies that they can gain power by being professionally autonomous where they have control over their work. Secondly she posits that they can attain power through control over context of nursing practice. This entails involvement of nurses in the running of the hospitals where they are informed and participated in the decision making process. According to research, reveals Manojlovich, control over content and context are the defining characteristics of the rated magnet hospitals. Lastly, nurses can gain power through control over competence of nursing practice. Here, nurses need to gain sufficient competence in their work and this can only be achieved via proper training. It has been argued that the low level education that nurses are offered before joining the practice has been a major contributing factor to nurses feeling powerless. Compared to other employees, nurses have been traditionally viewed as less learned thus the mistreatment. To attract staying nurses would therefore require that they are offered higher level training so that they feel confident enough while dispensing their duties. It is understandable that without proper feeling of power among the nurses, their work will be poor and turnover rates would probably remain high or even increase. Therefore, it is an utter necessity for Nancy to motivate her staff into their gaining some confidence and therefore power. First, as a manager herself, she

Theology Judas Iscariot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theology Judas Iscariot - Essay Example For that reason I chose to have Judas Iscariot, their treasurer who was also the man who in the end sold him to the Romans for a mere 30 pieces. In the film industry, Judas is portrayed in traditional terms - as a betrayer and an instrument of Satan. This is in line with the belief of many modern Christians, whether laity, theologians or clergy, who consider Judas as a traitor and a synonym for betrayer - a belief which has perpetuated Christian society for hundreds of years. Yet there are some scholars who argue that Judas was merely acting as a negotiator in a prearranged prisoner exchange. Judas is said to have acted and betrayed Jesus with full knowledge and consent of his master. It is in light of this controversial issue that I will be analyzing what the scholarly world and the film industry has to say regarding the character of Judas as compared to what the Gospel of John has to say. I will be starting with a discussion of the way two films, The Gospel of John and The Last Temptation, portray Judas and proceed to a historical and cultural analysis of why the character of Judas is being reevaluated. "The Gospel of John" directed by Philip Saville was a brilliant and an appealing depiction of the last moments in Jesus' life because of the use of imagery and symbolism. The language was a little unconventional in comparison to today's over-glamorized film making styles and was noticeably scripted from what seemed chunks of the bible but in spite of these, it was still very enlightening. The way the collaboration of images was accomplished was very effective in explaining the parts of the story that were tedious to understand. I found it amazing the way the camera shots would slowly pan out and we could see all his disciples surrounding him, gazing in awe. Great respect towards him was evident when some wouldn't look him in the eyes or question some of his actions. The lighting too played a huge role in setting the mood for the film- the somewhat dim lighting that may have lasted throughout the entire film gave the impression that it was set in a much earlier time period, and the r emarkable costumes corroborated this as well. The camera work on the imagery and the centering of the movie on Jesus Christ was magnificent. He is all knowing, respected by his disciples and full of faith, although not everyone has full faith in him. The people question his holiness because he is the son of Mary and Joseph who are humans just as everyone else is. He confidently assures them: "I am who I am, Jesus of Nazareth, a teacher and the only Son of God." From the film as well as the bible readings in the book of John (6:64-71), Jesus makes it clear to his followers that one of them has ulterior motives, yet he does not mention who it is for the time being. Here I began to notice further use of the camera to give an idea of who it may be. For someone that is familiar with the story of his betrayal we already know it is Judas, but to others it gives a small hint of who it may be because in some instances the frame freezes on two or three of his disciples. Furthermore, since many of them have the same hairstyles, body types, eye color and such, it could be a little hard to keep up with at the beginning, but this effect

Adaptation To Climate Change In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay

Adaptation To Climate Change In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay Climate change has been the most debated environmental issue in the political ecology arena in the last two decades. After initiating global discussions in 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio, the United Nations established the Framework Convention in 1994 on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Subsequently, the Kyoto protocol was signed in 1997 by nations except the United States. Many rounds of negotiations have been going on to combat climate change since then. Among other problems resulting from climate change, sea temperature rise in addition to modifications in the intensity and extremes of precipitation patterns and storms are of great importance. Consequent floods and droughts as well as rises in sea level are affecting water quality and aggravating water pollution. Observational records and climate projections provide abundant evidence that freshwater resources are vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences for human societies and ecosystems.(Bates et al., 2008, p.3). Mauritius forms part of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) which are among the least responsible for climate change (UNFCCC, 2005, p.2.) but are more prone to suffer from its adverse effects. The UNFCC report also reveals that 60 per cent of the water supply for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes in Mauritius comes from groundwater and boreholes found near the coast might be adversely impacted by saltwater intrusion (UNFCCC, 2005, p.17). Current solutions to climate change impacts vary from mitigation, which implies reducing the level of human activities that cause climate change, to adaptation, namely by finding ways to lessen vulnerability and minimise harm caused by the impacts. While mitigation is the most suitable solution, it will not bring immediate results and adaptation is consequently a heavily discussed option. As an institutional endeavour to handle adaptation to climate change in Mauritius, the government has an ongoing project under the Africa Adaptation Program, the ultimate goal being revision of policies and identification of adaptation measures for further implementation. However, for successful achievement of policy measures about adaptation to climate change, much public acceptance, understanding and participation is needed. The aim of this research is an understanding and analysis of the perception of undergraduates in Mauritius regarding climate change and adaptation to it, principally with regard to the water resources sector. The findings are meant to help the ongoing governmental program of adaptation to climate change in Mauritius by exploring in particular the perception of young academics with regard to the water sector, identifying their preferred adaptation options and assessing their willingness of participation in implementing measures. Introduction The threat from further global warming has catapulted the environment to the summit of the political agenda with climate change as a major concern. The environment envelops an extended range of inter-reliant troubles: flood, drought, desertification, water shortage, deforestation, storm surges, food and malnutrition, species extinction, human health, soil erosion and waste to name a few. As such, the link between the natural and social magnitude of environmental problems can be clearly made. The degree of impact of climate change upon different bionetwork and state economies will depend not only on the sensitivity of those systems to the problem, but also on their aptitude to climate change adaptation. Climate change in itself is a massive crisis and encapsulates several spheres such as impact on Food and Agriculture, Land usage for settlement, tourism, the fisheries sector, Human health, and water resources among others. Water is indispensable to human life and many activities. Our climate, our biosphere and our socio-economic systems are interconnected in an intricate fashion, such that a change in any one of these induces a change in another. Anthropogenic climate change adds a major pressure to nations that are already tackling the issue of sustainable freshwater use. The challenges related to freshwater are: having too much water, having too little water, and having too much pollution. Each of these problems may be aggravated by climate change. For that reason, the correlation between climate change and water resources is of primary concern and significance. So far, water resource issues with respect to climate change have not been adequately tackled pertaining to policy formulations. Consequently, adjusting to or dealing with climate change will become necessary in certain regions and for certain socioeconomic and ecological systems. The need for adaptation may be scaled by ever growing populations especially in areas susceptible to these extreme events. Adaptation now appears to emerge as a new potential solution to the climate change but is not always very comprehensive. From definitions, adaptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts (IPCC, 2007). In other words, it refers to changes in normal processes, customary practices, and structures to restrain likely damages or to profit from opportunity related with climate change. It should be however highlighted that adaptation to environmental change is not a new concept. Our civilization has demonstrated throughout History a strong adaptation capability to different weather conditions and natural changes. T his recent global and local issue of adaptation requires a scientific, economic, political, social and cultural approach and is a multifaceted situation that calls for understanding and recognition by all stakeholders, including decision-makers and the society in general. The island of Mauritius forms part of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) with special needs and concerns and is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. Human induced climate change such as global warming as well as natural disasters like tsunami and storms have a direct impact on the water resources of SIDS. Being categorized as high priority, freshwater quality and quantity in addition to management and planning demands urgent adaptation action and financial resources to support such action. (WGII TAR Chapter 17). According to the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDFC) established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), countries should prepare and submit a National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) which enumerates ranked priority adaptation activities and projects to facilitate the development of proposals for implementation. Under the Water Sector priority, SIDS which have already submitted their NAPA (as at Septembe r 2008) have been taken into consideration, to be able to derive similarities and consequent adaptation and mitigation actions to climate change planned by them. This will be used as a basis to analyse their applicability in Mauritius, which has not yet documented its NAPA. SIDS taken into consideration are : In the region of Africa: Cape Verde, Comoros, Guinea Bissau, and Sao Tome e Principe In the region of Asia and the Pacific: Kiribati, Maldives, Samoa, Tuvalu, Vanuatu In the region of Latin America and the Carribean: Haiti Analysis have resulted into specific key problem areas namely, the unavailability or limited availability of drinkable water due to changing weather conditions and the lack of proper infrastructures to manage and sustain water resources, the deterioration of the quality of potable water owing to several factors (for e.g. saline intrusion from sea level rise, soil erosion, unplanned sewerage development, bad waste water management amongst others in underground water sources), poor agricultural production and the negative effects on food security (for e.g production shortages, disruption in the vegetative growing, traditional irrigation methods etc) and other problem factors related to water specific to each SIDS (for example airports of Maldives suffered significant damages due to flooding in addition to impending threat of sea level rise, tsunami caused destruction of the poor sewerage systems, use of traditional sources of water for eg in Sao Tome e Principe) Various global and SIDS adaptation options being either implemented or proposed and which can be considered for implementations in the local context are listed below: Development of water harnessing, collection and storage infrastructures by building reservoirs and dams, encouraging use of individual water-saving devices and promoting safe rainwater harvesting through ground catchment and roof catchment systems, Elaboration of decentralized management plans on water production and distribution infrastructures, Elaboration and implementation of legislation and regulation, with practical modalities of application very defined, Design and construction of suitable sewage treatment and disposal systems to safeguard water resources, Establishing modeling maps and an information and monitoring system on water resources Institutionalization of management system, with the purpose of putting in practice the national politics of the water resources, Reducing leakage in supply systems, Carrying out participatory research on the knowledge of traditional practices of adaptation to the variations of the water cycle. As an institutional endeavour to handle adaptation to climate change in Mauritius, the government also has an ongoing documentation project under the Africa Adaptation Program, the ultimate goal being revision of policies and identification of adaptation measures for further implementation. However, according to Breton et al. (p.15), political measures regarding climate change will require a certain degree of acceptance and public understanding to be able to be implemented. What is climate change in the eyes of the public? What do citizens believe can be done to lessen damages caused by adverse impacts? A study by Leiserowitz in 2007 on international public perception states that social scientists have found that public risk perceptions strongly influence the way people respond to hazards (p.1). Thus, comprehension of how the public perceives climate change and adaptation is a key element in directing the actions that enable both raising awareness and motivating behavioral changes in the population at large. The study of public perception on climate change is of major importance nowadays, as Leiserowitz confirms Since 1988, numerous public opinion polls have found that Americans, Europeans, and Japanese are increasingly aware of and concerned about global climate change and supportive of a wide range of mitigation and adaptation policies (2007, p.3) and different international studies agree on the point that citizens concern for climate change is high. If we look again at the study carried out by Leiserowitz, the conclusion is that large majorities worldwide already believe that climate change is a very serious problem and are growing more concerned (2007, p.34). Globescan (2000 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.29) adds that on rating the seriousness of eight environmental issues, water resources ranks first and the results of a survey of 34 countries demonstrate very high levels of public concern about a wide range of environmental issues, from local problems like water and air pollution to global problems like ozone depletion and climate change. In a new survey of 30 countries, Globescan (2001 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.11) also finds that Worldwide, the potential impacts of climate change on human health were the single most cited, followed by drought and water shortages, species loss, and extreme weather events whereby drought and water shortages hold a second place as being one possible impact most concerning people personally. According to findings of another survey carried out on climate change belief in Britain (Poortinga et al., 2006, p.19) in 2005, an overwhelming majority of respondents (91%) believe that the worlds climate is changing. The survey concludes that a clear majority of respondents (62%) also indicate that every possible action should be taken against climate change (2006, p. 19), and almost half of the respondents would be prepared to take part in a public discussion or hearing about climate change (2006, p.13). A study by Maddison in 2007 of the public perception of agriculturalists in 11 African countries regarding climate change mentions that When temperatures change farmers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ practice increased water conservation (p. 2). This research will be focusing on the perception of Mauritian university undergraduates on the topic of climate change and adaptation to it, particularly with regard to the water resources sector. The findings of the research would be made available to policy-makers to enable them to propose more practical, focused policies and measures and to deal with the priority level that academics give to adaptation. The background of the proposed study is of great interest because the university students will be required in the future to participate in the implementation of various adaptation and mitigation measures both as citizens and decision makers. Aims and objectives The aim of this research is an understanding and analysis of the perception of undergraduates in Mauritius regarding climate change and adaptation to it, principally with regard to the water resources sector. This research is meant to help an ongoing governmental program of adaptation to climate change in Mauritius by exploring in particular the issue of perception of young academics. Awareness of the perception of climate change and adaptation as well as attitudes and preferences of young academics in Mauritius can help in setting up adaptation priorities specific to the island. Fostering the involvement of young people can facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the population and aid in producing more effective communication policies. The objective of the study is to discover the view of the university students with regard to climate change and its associated events and whether they perceive implementation of any adaptation measure in the water resources sector to have taken place by now. Another objective will be to ascertain the preferences of those youngsters on the subject of adaptation and mitigation options with respect to the water resources area. The paper will also target to find out whether academic youngsters notice any obstruction to adaptation and will attempt to discover the proportion of youngsters that are aware of climate change but have not yet reacted. Matters considered would be whether they believe climate change to be a very serious problem, their extent of concern for climate change, their view on the duty of institutions to overcome barriers to adaptation, their level of knowledge and information and their preferences regarding different adaptation options. Their rating of seriousness of wa ter resources compared to a range of environmental issues will also be assessed in addition to which extent they consider droughts and water shortages to be a personal concern. The research therefore endeavors to improve our understanding of the links between undergraduates perceptions on climate change and its impacts with regards to water-related issues on one hand, as well as adaptation and mitigation response options preferred by those youngsters, on the other hand. The research will also be carried out in an attempt to inform policymakers and stakeholders about the implications of climate change and climate change response options for water resources, in order to facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the population and aid in producing more effective awareness campaigns and education policies if necessary. . List of hypotheses Based on several researches that have been done at global level regarding the public perception of climate change and adaptation in the field of water resources, our first hypothesis for this study is that large majorities worldwide already believe that climate change is a very serious problem and are growing more concerned (Leiserowitz, 2007, p.34). The second hypothesis of our study is that when rating the seriousness of a range of environmental issues, water resources problem is ranked first, as confirmed by the findings of the survey of 34 countries carried out by Globescan (2000 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.29). The third hypothesis is based on the survey of 30 countries carried out by Globescan (2001 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.11) whereby among a list of possible impacts of climate change, drought and water shortages ranked first and second respectively, as being one most possible impact concerning people personally. Methodology The study will be based on a structured questionnaire survey to be carried out at the University of Technology, Mauritius, and the University of Mauritius. The targeted respondents would include some 240 fulltime students, equally divided between each university. A batch of 60 undergraduates studying environment and sustainable development subjects at Level 1 will be selected, as well as a group of 60 level 1 students following other courses, as a pre-survey tactic. To get data on their level of knowledge, another set of level 3 students, 60 learning environment and sustainable development subjects and 60 studying other subjects will also be interrogated. The respondents will be selected considering gender equality and there will be no age limit, so long that the students are either at Level 1 or level 3 of their studies. The questionnaire will be prepared by considering the significance of the knowledge of the academics and to ensure that our objectives will be met. The feedback form will be in English language, which undergraduates will have no difficulty to understand. The interviewers will assist the participants by discussing all questions in the survey document. Survey questions will cover several topics linked to climate change and adaptation in the water resources sector, including: Awareness of climate change and its associated events; Awareness of adaptation measures that exist or can be proposed in the water sector; Perception that implementation of any adaptation measure in the water resources sector has already occurred; preferences regarding adaptation and mitigation options with respect to the water resources area; perceived obstruction to adaptation; Perception of the duty of institutions to overcome barriers to adaptation; Perception on degree of availability of knowledge and information on the matter; Degree of agreement to participate in public debates on the issue of water resources, and Proportion of youngsters that are aware of climate change but have not yet reacted to that, including grounds for action and non action. Open-ended questions will be used regarding grounds for action and non action as well as to gather any personal adaptation proposal not listed in the feedback form. The data obtained during the questionnaire survey will be summarized by making use of computer software for statistical analysis. Benefits of the research Policy-makers at the level of the State and local Government and local authorities will benefit from the findings of the research as they will be able to propose more practical, focused policies and measures which will help in solving the problem of adaptation to climate change in the water resources sector locally. The study will also help in setting up adaptation priorities specific to the island. The Ministry of Renewable Energy and Public Utilities, the Central Water Authority and the Waste Water Management Authority will benefit from the findings of the study when drafting their policy document regarding water resource and its sustainable management. The undergraduates themselves and the academic society in general would benefit from the findings which will indicate the priority level tertiary level students give to this question of adaptation in the field of water resources. Fostering the involvement of young people can also facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the whole population and aid in producing more effective communication policies, which will be advantageous to the general public. The future generation would gain from the study as the findings would help the current generation in devising practical solutions which will foster sustainable development, given that adverse climate change impacts, if not mitigated, prevent a country from succeeding in the implementation of its sustainable development goals. Time plan The duration of the project is of 12 weeks starting as from Saturday 13 March 2010 till the Saturday 29 May 2010. Figure 1 shows a Gantt chart that has been prepared in this respect to illustrate the project task duration against time. The Gantt chart allows up to date monitoring of the project at any point in time and should the project digress against final plan, remedial actions can thus be taken without delay. Figure 1: Gantt chart for research project Cost Estimates Project Component Total Costs 1 Questionnaire Printing: Photocopy costs Rs 1500 2 Questionnaire distribution and Collection: Transport costs Rs 1000 3 Communications Rs 3000 4 Miscellaneous costs (stationery and others) Rs 500 Total costs estimates Rs 6000

Juvenile Bootcamps Essay -- Teens History Boot Camp Essays

Boot camp is an alternative to incarceration. In this paper I will prove that Boot Camps for youthful offenders are effective. Boot camps started in the year 1888 by Warden Zebulon Brockway at the Elmira Reformatory located in Elmira, New York. The warden did this because he wanted to invoke a new way of disciplining and keeping the inmates active. The reasoning that this style of imprisonment worked was because there were virtually no prison guards which saved thousands of dollars. Another reason that it worked was because the men would work day and night producing quality goods that were much less then the competitors. Yates Law prohibited the inmates from competing in the open market which eventually lead to the end of the military like structure. Another reason for and end of this type of incarceration was due to World War I. Prior to the war local citizens were invited to the facility to witness the military like drills and ceremonies. As soon as the war ended the people didnâ €™t like the military which shut down the program.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States Army used basic training to rehabilitate soldiers who committed crimes. They used this system because prisons were overcrowded and very expensive. This way reduced the cost and allowed the return of 42,000 soldiers into active duty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1965 shock incarceration was developed in Ohio. This was an attempt to â€Å"shock† inmates by making them think twice about what they were going to do. The length the incarceration was on for 90-180 days. An analysis of the program in Ohio proved to be successful. There was a 130 percent less recidivism then those with prior records.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Kentucky they had the highest rates of rearrest, reconviction and the return to prison. There reincarceration rare was only 21.4 percent. This was consistent with the finking form other shock probation programs that were heralded as effective (Vito and Ellis).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Juvenile boot camp was established in 1985 in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. The kids who were accepted into boot camps were between the ages of 17-26 and the offence had to be one that was nonviolent or less then one first degree offense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boot camp incorporates military drill and ceremonies and physical training. After care is now one of the steps in a successful program. Most states now believe that group counseling are vital for the inmates succ... ... graduates of boot camps and the recidivism rate was at 21 percent but the prison rate is at 34 percent. This seems to be the key when wanting to help and lower the rate of recidivism. Proper aftercare and close monitoring will in fact help these troubled teens as you can tell by the number stated above.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The future of boot camps as well as shock incarceration will grow because of their success. My feeling is that if one troubled teen is helped then it is all worth while. Why stop trying to help if the majority is not willing to change but if that one will work hard and follow what they have learned in the boot camps then we should continue what were are doing. References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anderson, J. , Burns, J. , & Dyson, L. , (1999). Boot Camps: An Intermediate Sanction. New York: University Press of America. Hebert, E. , & MacKenzie, D. , (Eds.). (1996). Correctional Boot Cmaps: A Tough Intermediate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sanction. New York: Russel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vito, G. F. And Ellis, J. (1985). An offender-based tacking system study of three districts in the commonwealth of Kentucky Research Report Series: No. 4). Louisville, KY: University of Louisville, College of Urban And Public Affairs.